Achieving clean air objectives requires the effective and timely
implementation of the measures defined in Chapter 4. In general,
these measures rely on the application and advancement of technologies
and management practices. These strategies also require actions
by numerous agencies.
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Implementation of the Plan's strategies requires a cooperative
partnership of governmental agencies at the federal, state, regional
and local level. As described in Table 7-1, these agencies form
the four cornerstones from which implementation programs will
evolve.
At the federal level is the U.S. EPA and other agencies charged
with reducing emissions from federally controlled sources such
as commercial aircraft and marine vessels. As discussed in Chapter
4, the 1997 AQMP incorporates several measures based largely on
the 1994 California Ozone SIP. Seven of the mobile source measures
are directed at federally regulated sources.
At the state level is the ARB which is responsible for motor vehicle
emissions and fuels. The Plan's on-road and off-road mobile source
control program is principally based on the 1994 California Ozone
SIP. Additional mobile source emission reduction credit programs
are provided in this Plan to provide greater regulatory flexibility
and accelerate fleet turnover.
At the regional level, the District is responsible for the overall
development and implementation of the AQMP. The District is specifically
authorized to reduce the emissions from stationary and some area
sources such as coatings and solvents. The District implements
its responsibilities with participation from the regulated community
through an extensive rule development and implementation program.
This approach maximizes the input of those parties affected by
the proposed rule through consultation meetings, public workshops,
and ongoing working groups.
At the local level are local governments and the Southern California
Association of Governments (SCAG) and other committees of government.
Local governments serve an important role in developing and implementing
the Plan's transportation control measures. SCAG is responsible
for providing the socioeconomic forecast (e.g., population forecasts)
upon which the Plan is based. SCAG also provides assessments for
conformity of regionally significant projects with the overall
Plan and is responsible for the adoption of the annual Regional
Transportation Improvement Program.
TABLE 7-1
Agencies Responsible for Implementation
of the 1997 AQMP Revision for the South Coast Air Basin
Agency Principal responsibilities
EPA Forty-nine state mobile vehicle emission
standards;
Airplanes, trains, and ships;
Mobile-operating construction & farm
equipment below 175 hp; and,
Off-shore oil development
ARB On-road/Off-road vehicles
Motor vehicle fuels; and,
Consumer products
SCAQMD Stationary (industry/commerce) & area
sources;
Some mobile sources
SCAG AQMP conformity assessment
Regional Transportation Improvement
Program
Local Government/ CTCs Transportation and local government
actions; and,
Transportation facilities
SHORT - AND INTERMEDIATE-TERM MEASURES
The Plan proposes measures that can be implemented using currently
available technologies and management practices. Measures in this
category are to be implemented by all levels of government including
federal agencies, the state ARB, the District and local governments
and SCAG.
Control
Measure Ranking
The California Clean Air Act requires air pollution control districts
to assess the effectiveness of control measures in reducing ambient
ozone concentrations as part of their plan submittals. The CCAA
requires districts to determine that their AQMPs are cost-effective
strategies that attain air quality standards by the earliest practicable
date [H&SC 40913(b)]. In addition, plans must include an assessment
of the cost-effectiveness of available and proposed control measures
and a list of the measures ranked from the least cost-effective
to the most cost-effective [H&SC 40922(a)]. Table 6-5 in Chapter
6 shows the ranking of the control measures by cost-effectiveness.
In developing their control strategy implementation schedule,
districts must consider the other effectiveness criteria [H&SC
40922(b)]. The criteria used for this Plan are listed in Table
7-2.
TABLE 7-2
Criteria for Evaluating 1997 AQMP Control Measures
Criteria Description
Cost-Effectiveness The cost of a control measure to reduce air pollution
by one ton [cost covers obtaining, installing, and
operating the control measure].
Efficiency The positive effects of a control measure compared to
its negative effects.
Emission Reduction The total amount of pollution that a control measure
Potential can actually reduce.
Enforceability The ability to force polluters to comply with a
control measure.
Equity The fairness of the distribution of all the positive
and negative effects among various socioeconomic
groups
Legal Authority Ability of the District or other adopting agency to
implement the measure or the likelihood that local
governments and agencies will cooperate to approve a
control measures
Public Acceptability The support the public gives to a control measure.
Rate of Emission The time it will take for a control measure to reduce
Reduction a certain amount of air pollution.
Technological The likelihood that the technology for a control
measure will be available as anticipated.
Table 7-3 lists the short- and intermediate-term control measures,
the responsible agencies, and the proposed adoption and implementation
dates. This preliminary schedule is largely based on the schedule
set forth in the 1994 AQMP as modified through subsequent District
Board action. New items proposed for the first time in this Plan
have been placed in the appropriate position on the existing schedule
based on a review of the AQMP control measure prioritization factors
described above.
Other measures from the 1994 AQMP that are not included in Table
7-3 have been moved to the Level II Contingency (or Further Evaluation)
Category. These measures will undergo further evaluation after
the 1997 AQMP is adopted to determine if these measures can serve
as contingency or provide additional emission reductions to achieve
state air pollution standards or potential future federal air
quality standards.
TABLE 7-3
1997 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency,
Adoption Date and Implementation Period
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementation
Measure Name Agency Date Period
Number
SHORT- AND INTERMEDIATE-TERM MEASURES
Surface Coating and Solvent Use
CTS-02E Emission Reductions from SCAQMD/ 2000 2007-2010
Adhesives (Rule 1168) (VOC) ARB
CTS-02H Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1997 1998-2000
Metal Parts and Products
(Rule 1107) (VOC)
CTS-02M Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1997 1998-2000
Plastic, Rubber, Glass
Coatings (Rule 1145) (VOC)
CTS-02N Emission Reductions from SCAQMD/ 1997 2000-2005
Solvent Degreasers (Rule ARB
1122) (VOC)
CTS-02O Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 2000 2000-2005
Solvent Usage (Rule 442)
(VOC)
CTS-03 Consumer Product Education SCAQMD 1998 2000-2005
Labeling Program (VOC)
CTS-04 Public Awareness/Education SCAQMD 1998 2000-2005
Programs - Area Sources
(VOC)
CTS-07 Further Emission Reductions SCAQMD 1996 1998
from Architectural Coatings
(Rule 1113) (VOC)
CP-02 Emission Reductions from ARB 1997 2005-2008
Consumer Products (VOC)
DPR-01 Emission Reductions from DPR 1997 2005
Pesticide Applications
(VOC)
TABLE 7-3
(continued)
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementation
Measure Name Agency Date
Number Period
Petroleum Operations and Fugitive Emissions
FUG-03 Further Emission Reductions SCAQMD 1999 2000
from Floating Roof Tanks
(Rule 463) (VOC)
FUG-04 Further Emission Reduction SCAQMD 1997 1997
from Fugitive Sources (Rule
1173) (VOC)
Combustion Sources
CMB-02B Emission Reduction from SCAQMD 1997 1999
Small Boilers and Process
Heaters (NOx)
CMB-03 Area Source Credit Programs SCAQMD 1997 1997-2000
(All)
CMB-04 Area Source Credits for SCAQMD 1997 1997-2000
Energy Conservation/
Efficiency (NOx)
CMB-06 Emission Standards for New SCAQMD 1999 2003-2013
Commercial and Residential
Water Heaters
CMB-07 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1999 2000
Petroleum Refinery Flares
(All)
CMB-09 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1997 1998-1999
Petroleum Refinery FCCUs
(PM10)
Fugitive Dust
BCM-01 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD, Local 1997 1997
Paved Roads (Rule 403) Government,
(PM10) CalTrans
BCM-03 Further Emission Reductions SCAQMD, Local 1997 1997-2006
from Unpaved Roads, Unpaved Government
Parking Lots and Staging
Areas (Rule 403) (PM10)
TABLE 7-3
(continued)
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementation
Measure Name Agency Date
Number Period
Fugitive Dust (Cont.)
BCM-04 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD, USDA 1997 1997-1999
Agricultural Activities Natural
(Rule 403) (PM10) Resources
Conservation
Service
BCM-06 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD, 1997 1997
Fugitive Dust Sources to
meet Best Available Control
Measures Requirements (Rule
403) (PM10)
Miscellaneous Sources
MSC-01 Promotion of Lighter Color SCAQMD, Local 1999 2000
Roofing and Road Materials Government
and Tree Planting Programs
(All Pollutants)
MSC-02 In-Use Compliance Program SCAQMD 1997 1998
for Air Pollution Control
Equipment (All Pollutants)
MSC-03 Promotion of SCAQMD 1998 2000-2004
Catalyst-Surface Coating
Technology Programs (All
Pollutants)
PRC-01 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1997 1998
Woodworking Operations
(PM10)
PRC-03 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1997 2000-2004
Restaurant Operations
(VOC, PM10)
WST-01 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1998 2004-2006
Livestock Waste
(VOC, PM10, Ammonia)
WST-02 Emission Reductions from SCAQMD 1998 2004-2006
Composting (VOC, PM10,
Ammonia)
WST-03 Waste Burning (Rule 444) SCAQMD 1997 1997-2010
(VOC)
TABLE 7-3
(continued)
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementation
Measure Name Agency Date
Number Period
Miscellaneous Sources (Cont.)
WST-04 Disposal of Materials SCAQMD 1997 1998-2001
Containing Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC)
FSS -04 Emission Charges of $5,000 SCAQMD TBD TBD
per Ton of VOC for Stationary
Sources Emitting Over 10 Tons
per Year (VOC)
Compliance Flexibility Programs
FLX-01 Intercredit Trading Program SCAQMD 1997 1997-1998
(All)
FLX-02 Air Quality Investment SCAQMD 1997 1997-1998
Program (All)
Transportation Control and Indirect Source Measures
TCM-01 Transportation Improvements SCAG 1997 2000-2010
(All)
Advanced Transportation Technology Incentive Measures
ATT-01 Telecommunications The TBD TBD
Partnership,
SCAQMD, SCAG,
Local Gov't
ATT-02 Advanced Shuttle Transit The TBD TBD
Partnership,
SCAQMD, SCAG,
Local Gov't
ATT-03 Zero-Emission The TBD 1997-2010
Vehicles/Infrastructure Partnership,
SCAQMD, SCAG,
Local Gov't
ATT-04 Alternative Fuel The TBD 1997-2010
Vehicles/Infrastructure Partnership,
SCAQMD, SCAG,
Local Gov't
ATT-05 Intelligent Vehicle Highway The TBD TBD
Systems (IVHS) Partnership,
SCAQMD, SCAG,
Local Gov't
TABLE 7-3
(continued)
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementation
Measure Name Agency Date
Number Period
Further Study Strategy
FSS-02 Market-Based Transportation State or TBD TBD
Pricing Local
Agencies
On-Road Mobile Sources
M1 Accelerated Retirement of ARB/SCAQMD 1997 1997-2010
Light-Duty Vehicles
M4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles; ARB TBD 1997-2002
Early Introduction of
Low-NOx Engines
M5 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles; ARB 1997 2002
Additional NOx Reductions
in California
M6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles; U.S. EPA 1997 2002
2.0 g/bhp-hr NOx Standard -
National
M7 Accelerated Retirement of ARB 1997 1997-2010
Heavy-Duty Vehicles
MON-09 In-Use Vehicle Emission SCAQMD 1997 1998-2010
Mitigation
MON-10 Emissions Reduction Credit SCAQMD 1997 1998-2010
for Truck Stop
Electrification
Off-Road Mobile Sources
M11 Industrial Equipment; Gas ARB 1997 2000-2004
& LPG - California
M12 Industrial Equipment - Gas U.S. EPA 1997 2000-2004
& LPG - National
M13 Marine Vessels; National U.S. EPA 1997 1998-2001
and International
Standards
M14 Locomotives; Nationwide U.S. EPA 1997 2000-2010
Standards, New and Rebuilt
M16 Pleasure Craft; Nationwide U.S. EPA 1996 1998
Emission Standards
MOF-07 Credits for the SCAQMD 1997 1998-2010
Replacement of Existing
Pleasure Craft Engines
with New Lower Polluting
Engines
Federal
Agencies
The Plan proposes to incorporate several measures defined in the
1994 California Ozone SIP that are directed at federally regulated
sources. Specifically, the Plan contains seven measures relative
to sources such as planes, ships, trains, most construction and
farm equipment, industrial equipment, and off-highway vehicles.
These SIP-related measures are listed on Table 7-3.
ARB
Several measures are proposed to be implemented by the ARB. One
of the most important of these measures is the implementation
of the scrappage program (i.e., M1).
The ARB is also responsible for adopting some of the off-road
mobile source emission standards, and will be implementing the
control measures in the AQMP directed towards reducing emissions
from consumer products. Table 7-3 identifies the control measures
that ARB (and other state agencies) will be responsible for implementing
in the 1997 AQMP.
There are several other state agencies that will need to implement
control measures which fall within their authority. For example,
the state Department of Pesticides Regulation (DPR) has direct
authority over pesticide applications. ARB will have a key role
in working with the DPR, along with the District, to ensure that
the measure is implemented.
District
The District is responsible for implementing the stationary source
control measures and some of the area and mobile source measures.
As shown in Table 7-3, stationary source control measures will
be implemented primarily through District rules and regulations
as specified in federal and state law.
Stationary
and Area Source Measures
As indicated in Chapter 4, several key new approaches are proposed
for implementing the stationary source emission reduction measures.
Specifically, the Plan proposes to use source-specific control
approaches, market incentives, educational outreach efforts, permitting
processes, and manufacturer certification processes to implement
most of the stationary source measures. In addition, the Intercredit
Trading Program and the Air Quality Investment Program will provide
greater flexibility to stationary sources to comply with District
regulations. Chapter 4 and Appendix IV provide more detail relative
to these implementation approaches.
Transportation
Control Measures
Market
Incentive Measures
A market incentives task force was established with SCAG, CalTrans,
the Coalition for Local Environmental Solutions and a Competitive
Economy (COALESCE), the District and over 50 business and industry
leaders to develop a regional congestion and air quality mitigation
program to replace the Indirect Source Rules contained in the
1994 AQMP and to improve mobility in the region. The Reduce Emissions
And Congestion on Highways (REACH) Task Force was convened in
response to actions called for in the 1994 AQMP and SCAG's Market
Incentives Task Force. Under a $1.1 million grant from the Federal
Highway Administration and a $220,000 contribution from
COALESCE, the REACH Task Force is exploring the feasibility of
establishing nominal charges for motorists based upon vehicle
use to improve mobility and air quality. Money raised through
these fees would likely be dedicated to improving air quality,
and the transportation system.
Local
Governments and SCAG
Local governments (cities and counties) are also responsible for
helping to provide supportive actions through participation in
voluntary programs. Local governments and transportation agencies
are also responsible for implementing several measures in the
Plan including, but not limited to, the transportation improvements
called for in the Plan. SCAG is responsible for helping local
governments coordinate their efforts and for ensuring that the
region's transportation projects, programs and plans conform to
the SIP.
Congestion
Management Program (CMP) Linkage to the AQMP
The CMP is a comprehensive strategy to relieve traffic congestion
and maintain levels of service on roadways. Assembly Bill (AB)
471 and AB 1791 required county transportation commissions (CTCs)
or other designated agencies to adopt a CMP by December 1, 1991.
County CMPs have subsequently been developed in consultation with
the regional transportation planning agency (i.e., SCAG), regional
transportation providers, local governments, Caltrans, and the
District.
The CMP interlinks with the AQMP in several areas. Most AQMP transportation
control measures included in the Regional Transportation Improvement
Program are designed to help relieve congestion. Implementation
of the AQMP will help local governments tackle congestion, reduce
emissions from idling vehicles or vehicles traveling on congested
roadways, and help maintain the CMP's level of service standards.
Many local governments already have ordinances under development
or approved to comply with the CMP. Through the CMP, local governments
have contributed to the clean air effort. Local governments may
receive credits for emission reductions associated with the implementation
of CMPs to the extent they are real, quantifiable, and enforceable
and have not been included in the AQMP baseline as part of the
Regional Mobility Element (RME).
The CMP and the AQMP are further linked through the local capital
improvement program. This required element of the CMP must be
consistent with the county and Regional Transportation Improvement
Program (RTIP), which in turn must be consistent with the RME.
The latter in turn must conform with the AQMP.
In addition, local governments are encouraged to work cooperatively
with their CTCs and subregional agencies to craft integrated trip
reduction strategies to meet the CMP trip reduction requirements.
Southern
California Economic Partnership (The Partnership)
The Partnership is a non-profit organization with a 26-member
Board of Directors assigned the mission of accelerating the deployment
of advanced transportation technologies (ATTs) throughout Southern
California. It was established out of the needs of the SCAG Regional
Mobility Element and the 1994 AQMP to have an effective implementation
organization for advanced transportation technology strategies.
The Partnership, through its public/private participatory structure,
is uniquely capable of providing networking and guidance to those
parties interested in the deployment of advanced transportation
technologies throughout Southern California. Stakeholder "cluster
group" meetings on each technology are held on a regular
basis, usually at the District or at SCAG offices, to discuss
implementation barriers and assist in the development of deployment
and marketing strategies. It has in effect become a clearinghouse
of ATT information and progress.
To aid Southern California cities and counties in ATT deployment,
The Partnership has developed "Model City Starter Kits"
for each of the technologies. These books provide goals and objectives,
implementation worksheets, model policies, model resolutions,
building codes, product/service technology updates, infrastructure
suggestions and requirements, training and safety requirements,
case studies, funding opportunities and an activity recognition
program. The Partnership provides these comprehensive guide books
free to each Southern California community and conducts workshops
and presentations to encourage participants to use ATTs. It also
develops and distributes ATT newsletters and promotional materials
to heighten awareness and garner unified understanding and support
for the technologies from both the public and private sectors.
Most of this information is also presented on The Partnership's
Web Site which is continuously updated with deployment achievements
throughout the region. Measures to be carried out by The Partnership
are non-regulatory & thus do not have specific "adoption"
dates but will be implemented through the AQMP planning period.
Legislation may assist in implementing these measures but it is
too early to establish specific adoption dates.
The Partnership Market Deployment Plan
The Partnership applies the same market deployment strategic planning
to each of the five AQMP advanced technologies. The approach is
multi-disciplinary, totally integrated, constantly evolving and
consists of: 1) deployment education and guidance, 2) workshops
and outreach, 3) technology/industry communications and awareness
programs, 4) information distribution and networking support,
5) partnership creation/brokering, and 6) legislative initiatives
and actions.
Deployment Education and Guidance
"Model City Starter Kits, " presented in easy-to-update
three-ring binders, have been created for each of the technologies
and distributed free of charge to every city and county in the
South Coast Air Basin and the SCAG region.
Workshops and Outreach
To generate additional interest and understanding of technology
deployment, The Partnership occasionally hosts technology workshops
at the District and other convenient locations for local elected
officials, city planners and managers, with considerable private
sector involvement and support. In addition to these workshops,
The Partnership also: 1) makes presentations to cities, schools
and organizations; 2) distributes monthly technology "News
Flashes" to all stakeholders via facsimile; and 3) attends
the meetings of related organizations and project developers.
Technology/Industry Communications and Awareness Programs
The Partnership has created individual technology/industry logos
and slogans to help give a singular identity, purpose and synergy
to advanced transportation deployment activities throughout the
region. It is intended that these logos and slogans, and the customizable
advertising and promotional materials on which they appear, can
be accepted and used by both public and private sector technology
participants to foster cooperation and accelerate awareness, understanding
and support among the public at large. To the extent possible,
the creation of these materials is financed by the private sector.
Information Distribution and Industry Networking Support
In its unique technology-neutral position, The Partnership has
created a breakthrough, advertising-supported, consumer friendly
Web Site which individually showcases each technology. The interactive
site encourages feedback from stakeholders and, as a clearinghouse
of information, provides networking opportunities between manufacturers/service
providers and purchasers/implementors. It is organized into fifteen
sub-home pages for quick access and maneuverability:
- Partnership
- Mission and Schedule of Meetings and Activities
- (5) Technology Showcases
- Helpful Technology Application Scenarios
- Technology Showroom
- Hyperlinks to Manufacturers
- Infrastructure Requirements
- Hyperlinks to Product/Service Providers
- Infrastructure Deployment
- Up-to-Date Locations of Infrastructure Deployment
- Industry Information Bank
- Hyperlinks to Associations, Organizations, Resources
- Model City Starter Kit Order Form
- Feedback Forum
- Partnership Creation/Brokering
Since The Partnership works closely with all the stakeholders
in each of the five advanced transportation technologies, it has
become a de facto clearinghouse of ATT information. In this capacity,
it is uniquely suited to direct and introduce interested participants
to other stakeholders with similar goals and into the formation
of productive and mutually beneficial public/private partnerships.
Much of The Partnership's efforts will be documented on the Internet
at the following address: "www.scag.ca.gov/depts/scep/."
Implementation of the long-term measures in the 1997 AQMP depends
on advances and breakthroughs that are expected over the next
13 years. This requires aggressive research and development efforts
which have been ongoing at the District and other state and federal
agencies.
As outlined in Chapter 4, achieving clean air standards in the
South Coast area requires the application of advanced technologies.
The District's Technology Advancement Office (TAO) sponsors public-private
research and development partnerships in order to identify and
promote low- and zero-emissions technologies for both stationary
and mobile sources. The Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction
Review Committee (MSRC) which was established in 1990 with the
adoption of Assembly Bill 2766, funds projects to reduce air pollution
from motor vehicles as needed for implementing the California
Clean Air Act of 1988.
Table 7-4 lists some key recently-completed or currently-underway
projects sponsored by the TAO to facilitate development and commercialization
of low-polluting technologies. Table 7-5 lists recently completed
or current projects sponsored by the MSRC to reduce mobile source
emissions. Tables 7-4 and 7-5 are the specific long-term measures
associated with the projects. Some of the stationary source projects
do not have specific linkages to the long-term measures but serve
as future technologies that may be available to meet current regulations
with future compliance dates or short- and intermediate-term AQMP
control measures.
The AQMP proposes an incentive program to encourage the use of
fuel cell technology. The 1994 AQMP also created a fuel cell implementation
task force whose role is to: (1) identify specific areas
and goals for fuel cells application, (2)
investigate infrastructure needs for the development of fuel cells,
and (3) suggest mechanisms to accomplish the goal of expediting
the commercial implementation of fuel cells in the Basin. The
task force is led by the District and comprised of representatives
of potential interested and affected parties in the Basin and
fuel cell manufacturers. The overall goal of the task force is
to provide incentives for people to utilize and perhaps manufacture
fuel cells in the Basin.
Table 7-6 lists the targeted implementation schedule for the proposed
long term measures. To ultimately achieve full implementation
of the advanced technologies, control methods and market mechanisms
proposed in this Plan, numerous agencies will need to develop
and follow implementation schedules. These agencies, as well as
the District, may need to seek additional legal authority and
resources, including funding, to carry out some of the activities
for which they are responsible.
TABLE 7-4
Current or Recently-Completed
TAO Projects
Project Associated
Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s)1 Long-Term
Measure
1. Conventional Fuel Vehicles
Heavy-Duty Emissions Testing VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, E, F M5, M6
PM10
- Chassis Dynamometer
Testing
- Demonstrate Vehicle
Test Facility
On-Road Vehicle Emissions VOC, NOx, CO A, B, C, M2
Testing D, F
- Remote Sensing to
Detect High Emitters
- Tunnel Study for Phase
2 Gas Emissions
- Smoking Vehicle PM10
Emissions Testing
Off-Road Vehicle Evaluations VOC, NOx, CO A, B, C, M9, M10
D, F
- In-Use Gas Lawnmower
Emissions
- 3-Way Catalyst for
Off-Road Applications
Advanced Vehicle Technologies VOC, NOx, CO A, D New Measure
Development
- Ultracapacitor for
Catalyst Heating
- On-Board Vehicle
Emissions Measurement
2. Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, E New Measure
Heavy-Duty Alternative Fuel PM10 Development
Engines and Vehicles
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, E New Measure
Medium-Duty Alternative Fuel Development
Engines and Vehicles
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO A, B, E M2
Passenger Car and Light-Duty
Truck Alternative Fuel
Engines and Vehicles
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, D, E M9, M10
Off-Road Alternative Fuel PM10
Engines and Vehicles
- LNG Locomotive
- CNG-Fueled Airport
Service Equipment
- Methanol Yard Equipment
Establish Alternative Fuel VOC, NOx, CO, B, E M2, M9
Vehicle Refueling Facilities PM10
1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure
data, health data, etc.)
C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory
TABLE 7-4
Current or Recently-Completed
TAO Projects
(continued)
Project Associated
Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s)1 Long-Term
Measure
3. Zero- or Near-Zero Emission Vehicles
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, D, E M2
On-Road Battery Electric PM10
Vehicles
- Ford EV Ecostar
- Electric Water Delivery
Truck
- U. S. Postal Service EV
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, D, E M2
On-Road Hybrid Electric PM10
Vehicles
- Propane Hybrid Electric
Refuse Truck
- Heavy-Duty Hybrid EV
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, D, E M2
On-Road Fuel Cell Vehicles PM10 New Measure
Development
- Ballard PEM Fuel Cell
Bus
- PEM Fuel Cell
Automobile
- U. S. DOE PAFC Bus
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, B, C, D, E M9,
Off-Road Battery Electric and PM10 New Measure
Fuel Cell Vehicles and Development
Equipment
- Electric Airport Ground
Support Equipment
- Fuel Cell Locomotive
Develop and Demonstrate VOC, NOx, CO, B, C, D, E M2,
Advanced Battery and Range PM10 New Measure
Extender Technologies Development
- AC Propulsion EV Range
Extender
- Aluminum Air Battery
- Sealed Bipolar Lead
Acid Battery
Support for Solar Car VOC, NOx, CO, B, D, E M2,
Projects PM10 New Measure
Development
1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructures
data, health data, etc.)
C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory
TABLE 7-4
(concluded)
Project Associated
Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s)1 Long-Term
Measure
4. Stationary Sources
Develop and Demonstrate NOx A, B, C New Measure
Advanced Low-NOx Technologies Development
- Ultra-Low NOx
Industrial Burner
- Alzeta Radiant Burner
- Low-NOx Residential
Water Heaters
- Low-NOx Glass Melting
System
- Cannon NOx Digester
Demonstrate Low-VOC Surface VOC A, B, C ADV-CTS
Coatings
- Vernonia Oil Coatings
- Substitutes to Vernonia
Oil
Demonstrate Low-VOC VOC, Toxics, CFCs A, B, C ADV-PRC
Industrial Processes
- Plasma Waste
Destruction to Hydrogen
- Air Vest Technology
- Wet Cleaning vs.
Perc.-based Dry Cleaning
5. Renewable and Clean Energy Technologies
Demonstrate Stationary Fuel NOx A, B, E New Measure
Cell Technologies Development
- 250 kW Molten Carbonate
Fuel Cell
- Prototype Residential
Fuel Cell System
Demonstrate Solar NOx A, B, E New Measure
Technologies Development
- Southern California
Edison Solar Two
- 8 kW Solar Dish /
Sterling Engine System
- Roof-Integrated Solar
Cells
Demonstrate Battery Recycling Toxics A, D, E M2,
Technologies New Measure
Development
6. Health Effects Studies
PM and PM10 Studies PM10 A, B ------
- Coachella Valley PM10
Study
- Allergens / Particles
in Paved Road Dust
Health Impacts of Air VOC, NOx, CO, A, B ------
Pollutants PM10, Toxics
- Morbidity Data Analysis
- Identification of
Chronic Health Effects
1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure
data, health data, etc.)
C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory
TABLE 7-5
Current or Recently-Completed
MSRC Projects
Project Associated
Description Pollutant(s) Goal(s)1 Long-Term
Measure
1. Vehicle Demonstrations
Alternative Fuel Vehicles VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, C, E M2,
PM10 Additional
Measures
- Replacement of
Municipal Fleet Vehicles
- Buses and Trolleys in
Revenue Service
- Repower HD Fleet
Vehicles
Zero or Near-Zero Emission VOC, NOx, CO, A, B, C, M2,
Vehicles PM10 D, E Additional
Measures
- EVs in Municipal
Transit Bus Fleets
- EV Airport Shuttles
- EV Station Cars
2. Other Air Quality Project Funding
Transportation Control VOC, NOx, CO, B, C ATT-01, ATT-05
Measures PM10
- Rideshare and
Telecommuting Strategies
- Trip Reduction
Strategies
- Commuter Assistance
(e.g., Shuttles)
Educational Outreach VOC, NOx, CO, B, E ------
PM10
- Educational Materials
for Schools
- AQ and Alt. Fuel
Training Program Support
- Develop University AQ
Training Curricula
AQMP Implementation VOC, NOx, CO, B, C ------
PM10
- Develop Regional and
Subregional Plans
- Facilitate Implement.
of AQMP Measures
Studies / Modeling VOC, NOx, CO, B, C, F ATT-01, ATT-05
PM10
- Transportation,
Emissions, VMT Modeling
- Remote Sensing Devices
- Truck Traffic
Simulation Modeling
General Research and VOC, NOx, CO, B, C, E, F M2,
Development PM10 Additional
Measures
- State-of-the-Art
"Showcase EV"
- Advanced
Electric-Assist Bicycle
- Electric Motorcycle
Technologies
- EV Thermoelectric AC
System
1 A. Demonstration of current or potential ARB standards and guidelines
B. Enhances databases (e.g., emission factors, infrastructure
data, health data, etc.)
C. Demonstration of current or potential District rules and guidelines
D. Supports technical feasibility
E. Supports commercialization efforts
F. Supports emissions inventory
TABLE 7-6
1997 AQMP Long Term Control Measures, Implementing Agency,
Adoption Date and Implementation Period
Control Control Measure Implementing Adoption Implementatio
Measure Name Agency Date n
Number Period
LONG -TERM MEASURES
Stationary Sources
ADV-CP04 Consumer Products (VOC) ARB 2001-2005 2002-2010
ADV-ARCH Architectural Coatings (VOC) SCAQMD 2003-2005 2006-2010
ADV-CLNG Solvent Cleaning and SCAQMD 2003-2005 2006-2010
Degreasing Operations (VOC)
ADV-CTS Miscellaneous Industrial SCAQMD 2001-2004 2005-2010
Coating and Solvent
Operations (VOC)
ADV-FUG Fugitive Emissions (VOC) SCAQMD 2001-2004 2006-2010
ADV-MSC Miscellaneous Small Sources SCAQMD 2002-2004 2006-2010
(VOC)
ADV-PRC Industrial Process SCAQMD 2002-2004 2006-2010
Operations (VOC)
Mobile Sources
M-2 Improved On-Road Control ARB 2000 2004-2005
Technology
M-9 Off-Road Diesel Equipment, ARB 2001 2005
2.5 G/BHP-HR NOx -
California
M-10 Off-Road Diesel Equipment, U.S. EPA 2001 2005
2.5 G/BHP-HR NOx - National
M-15 Aircraft; Nationwide U.S. EPA 1999 2000
Emission Standards
ADV-ON New Measure Development to ARB Post-2000 2010
Achieve Overall Emission
Reductions - On-Road
ADV-OFF New Measure Development to ARB Post-2000 2010
Achieve Overall Emission
Reductions - Off-Road
AQMP
Commercialization Plan for Advanced Technologies and Fuels
The commercialization of advanced zero and near-zero emission
technologies is essential in order to fully implement the AQMP.
Section 182(e)(5) of the federal Clean Air Act contemplates that
expedited actions will be undertaken to ensure that the cleanest
technologies and fuels are brought to their fullest possible market
potential to address the particularly severe air quality in Southern
California. An AQMP Commercialization Plan for Advanced Technologies
and Fuels has been developed which focuses on the key steps which
must be undertaken to establish sustainable and growing markets
for the utilization of advanced technologies and clean fuels.
The District's Technology Advancement Office has, over the last
eight years, established a strong and widely respected foundation
for the continued development, demonstration, technology transfer
and commercialization of innovative zero and near-zero emission
technologies. Such technologies include fuel cells; alternative
fuel vehicles such as electric vehicles and those fueled by CNG,
methanol, LNG, etc.; advanced coatings; and fugitive emission
mitigation technologies. In order to build on the success of these
efforts, a Commercialization Plan has been developed which identifies
the key steps to be undertaken in the context of the 1997 AQMP
to help foster the widespread market penetration of these technologies
and alternative clean fuels. Table 7-7 identifies the key elements
of this Plan. A major focus of this Commercialization Plan is
on the specific projects that can be funded and/or coordinated
through a targeted Commercialization Program within the District's
Technology Advancement Office.
This Commercialization Plan emphasizes a synergistic approach
which combines the following program elements:
- Biennial technology assessments are needed which routinely
update the identification of cutting edge technology. Such assessments
will identify the lowest emission technologies currently being
researched, developed, demonstrated and commercialized. Due to
the fast pace and international scope of innovation, these assessments
will provide continual updates on the leading technologies and
sponsoring organizations. Specific information in these assessments
will include the emission control efficiencies being achieved
by specific technologies in laboratory-scale and commercial scale
applications, as well as the known or projected costs, durability,
operational performance, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability,
principal technical and cost barriers and likely commercial viability
and timeframe for such advanced technology.
TABLE 7-7
Current or Recently-Completed Projects
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
STATIONARY SOURCES
1. ADV-ARCH, ADV-CLNG, ADV CTS
Coatings Biennial technology assessment of Numerous market niches
Research Center advanced solvent and coatings include the following:
Wet cleaning as formulations and applications
a substitute technologies electric components
for PERC-based Annual industry and user marine coatings
dry cleaning, workshops to identify priorities architectural coatings
Aerospace VOC for joint research and adhesives
reduction development, and paper, fabric and film
Technology commercialization. motor vehicle equipment
identification Formal solicitation of research, metal parts
High development and demonstration graphic arts
performance projects wood product assembly
wood furniture aerospace assembly
coatings plastic, rubber
etc.
Formation of one or more joint
industry/government
Commercialization Coordination
Councils, no later than 1998, by
market segment, fuel type or
technology type
Specific projects may include the
following:
Phase III vernonia oil coatings
Phase III Coating Research Inst.
development and demonstrations
Phase II wet cleaning technology
demonstration to wider market
segments
Phase III development and
demonstration of Reactive Aqueous
Defluxing Systems with aerospace
companies; associated technology
transfer workshops, etc.
Phase III Aerospace VOC
technology development,
demonstration and technology
transfer
Architectural coatings technology
assessment, demonstration of zero
emission interior and exterior,
high durability and quality
coatings
TABLE 7-7
(continued)
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
2. ADV-FUG
Plasma waste Biennial- technology assessment Market niches
reduction of advanced fugitive emission differentiated as
Asphalt control technologies and follows:
emissions study substitute processes, focused on
Landfill gas specific market segments Refineries
abatement with Annual industry and user Chemical facilities
methanol workshops to identify priorities Oil and gas production
production for joint research and Natural gas plants
Hydrocarb development, and Pipeline transfer
biomass to commercialization stations
methanol tech. Formal solicitation of research, Landfills
assessment, development and demonstration
Landfill projects
biofilter Formation of one or more joint
Absorbent beds industry/government
using microwave Commercialization Coordination
technology Councils, in 1997, by market
Biofiltration segment, fuel type or technology
of type
HC-contaminated Specific projects may include the
air following:
Phase II asphalt emissions study
and technology assessment
Fugitive emission control
technology assessment
Solicitation of R & D proposals
regarding control of fugitive
emissions from specific types of
facilities, such as refineries,
chemical facilities, landfills,
etc.
3. ADVANCED MISCELLANEOUS VOC SOURCES
Plasma Waste Biennial technology assessment of Market niches
destruction to H2 advanced emission control include:
Air Vest wet technologies and substitute
cleaning biofilter processes for a variety of small roofing
technology sources, focused on specific road construction
demonstration market segments woodworking
Restaurant Annual industry and user bakeries
emissions workshops to identify priorities restaurants
assessment for joint research and waste burning
Roof-integrated development, and construction and
solar cells commercialization. demolition
Photocatalytic Formal solicitation of research, disposal of
destruction of development and demonstration VOC-containing
Hazardous Organic projects. materials
Wastes Formation of one or more joint malt, wine and brandy
Prototype PEM industry/government production
residential fuel Commercialization Coordination rubber production
cell development Councils, by 1998, by market
and demonstration segment, fuel type or technology
Photovoltaic type
electric vehicle
recharging carport
TABLE 7-7
(continued)
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
Specific development and/or
demonstration projects may
include the following:
Air Vest technology;
roof integrated solar cells
Phase II, fuel cell develop. for
small power tools
Phase III UC Riverside restaurant
emissions control technology
assessment, development and
demonstration
catalyst surface coating
technology with catalyst
manufacturers
4. ADV-PRC
Solar-based H2 Biennial technology assessment of Market niches include:
electrolysis advanced VOC emission control
engines technologies and substitute chemical plants
Biofilter processes for a variety of plastic manufacturing
control industrial processes, focused on fiberglass manufacturing
technology specific market segments commercial diesel
applied to Annual industry and user generator sets
Casting workshops to identify priorities
operations for joint research and chemical plants
Methanol backup development, and fiberglass manufacturing
generator commercialization. plastics manufacturing
Formal solicitation of research, fluid catalytic crackers
Non-diesel / development and demonstration
non-CFC projects
cryogenic Formation of one or more joint
refrigeration industry/government
unit for trucks Commercialization Coordination
Councils, by the year 2000, by
market segment, fuel type or
technology type
Specific development and/or
demonstration projects may
include the following:
Phase II fuel cell demonstration
with lower capital costs
Phase III Solar Dish - Sterling
engine demonstration with OEM,
with lower capital costs
Phase II residential fuel cell
power development and
demonstration
TABLE 7-7
(continued)
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
MOBILE SOURCES
5. IMPROVED ON-ROAD VEHICLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Alternative Biennial- technology assessment of Vehicle market niches
fuel vehicle advanced emission control include:
research, technologies for on-road clean light duty
development and fuel ULEV's and ZEV's, focused on medium duty
demonstrations specific market segments heavy duty trucks
involving the Annual industry and user workshops transit and commercial
following fuels to identify priorities for joint R . buses
and & D, and commercialization.
technologies: Formal solicitation of research,
Battery development and demonstration User market niches
electric projects include:
vehicles Formation of one or more joint rental fleets
Hybrid electric industry/government public fleets
vehicles Commercialization Coordination private fleets
Fuel cell Councils, starting in 1997, by individuals
vehicles market segment, fuel type or
LNG trucks technology type
CNG cars, Specific development and
trucks and demonstration projects may include
buses the following
Methanol Demonstration of electric vehicles
vehicles in Rental Car Fleets
Ethanol Advanced EV battery and Charging
vehicles systems
LPG vehicles Demonstration of advanced EV's
Hydrogen with advanced batteries
vehicles Development and demonstration of
Advanced on-road fuel cell technologies
batteries Optimized medium-duty CNG engine
conversion kits
Demonstration and assessment of
propane/butane blends
Advanced heavy duty truck
development and demonstration
LNG fueling facility design
optimization
Advanced hybrid vehicle
development and demonstration
Alternative fuels infrastructure
expansion and utilization
incentives
Expanded alternative fuel model
availability by OEM's
TABLE 7-7
(continued)
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
advanced Fuel tax parity authorization
ultra-capacitors relative to gasoline and diesel
Advanced Vehicle purchase and other
catalyst market incentives for
Advanced remote alternative fuel vehicle
sensing purchases
Development and demonstration of
off-road alternative fuel
technologies
Demonstration and assessment of
ultra-low sulfur and equivalent
diesel and gasoline formulations
6. OFF-ROAD INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT - 2.5 GRAM/BHP-HR NOx
Biennial Technology assessment Market niches include the
of advanced emission control following:
technologies and alternative Industrial engines of 175
fuels for off-road industrial hp and above, excluding
equipment, focused on specific farm and construction
market segments equipment
Annual Industry and user forklifts
workshops to identify priorities utility equipment (e.g.,
for joint research and lawnmowers)
development, and leaf blowers
commercialization. etc.
Formal solicitation of research,
development and demonstration
projects
Specific development and
demonstration projects may
include the following
Formation of one or more joint
industry/government
Commercialization Coordination
Councils, starting in 1997, by
market segment, fuel type or
technology type
Specific development and
demonstration projects may
include the following
Development and demonstration of
zero emission utility equipment
Heavy duty emissions
characterization for reduction
of NOx and PM-10
Fuel-borne catalyst
demonstration and assessment
Catalytic converter retrofit
development, demonstration and
optimization for off-road
engines
TABLE 7-7
(concluded)
Planned TAO Projects to Foster
Previous TAO Commercialization Remarks
Project
Commercial fuel cell power
supply development program
Development and demonstration of
low emission alternative fuel
technologies for off-road
applications
Development of incentives to
increase utilization of clean
fuel technologies
Demonstration and assessment of
ultra-low sulfur and equivalent
diesel and gasoline formulations
Regular Industry and User Workshops are needed which will help
build consensus on the appropriate priorities for joint research,
development, demonstrations and commercialization strategies.
Developers, manufacturers, energy providers, other regulatory
agencies and commercial users of advanced low-emission technologies
have all proven to be essential partners with the District in
implementing cost-effective advanced technology demonstrations,
as well as helping define the critical barriers which need to
be removed to establish a sustainable commercial market for clean
technologies. It is especially constructive to obtain routine
feedback from the users of prototype technologies to identify
and address barriers for more widespread market penetration of
a technology. These workshops will specifically be focused on
identifying the following:
- Advanced emission control concepts and technologies
- Research and development needs
- Potential demonstration sites
- Existing and potential involvement in specific advanced technologies
and clean fuels by original equipment manufacturers (OEM's)
- Cost reduction opportunities to enhance the competitiveness
of specific technologies
- Identification of a critical mass of private sector and government
partners to target the sustained development of a technology
- Dissemination of technical and cost information on the leading
zero-emission and near-zero technologies and alternative fuels
- Formal, competitive solicitations of proposals will be undertaken
for relevant and pragmatic research, development and commercial-scale
demonstrations The evaluation criteria for these solicitations
will involve the following:
- Emission reduction potential
- Technological innovation
- Project cost-sharing
- Commercialization potential and business development expertise
- Cost-effectiveness
- Relevant contractor experience
- Overall environmental impacts and benefits
- The establishment of Commercialization Coordination Council
help bring together industry decision leaders, as well as key
policy makers, to continuously chart the path to commercialization
for core technologies, such as fuel cells, ZEV's and advanced
coatings.
Highly visible market leadership, as well as timely coordination,
among a diverse range of organizations, both public and private,
is critical for the successful introduction of advanced technologies
and clean fuels. The establishment of a prominent and expert Council
to advise the District on key steps which are needed to ensure
the sustainable commercialization of core AQMP technologies will
directly address this need. The specific focus of such Councils
will vary depending on the timeframe in which commercialization
of a specific technology or clean fuel is anticipated. In the
stationary source area, separate Commercialization Coordination
Councils will be established for Consumer Products, Advanced Coatings
and Solvents, Advanced Fugitive Emissions Controls, and Industrial
VOC Controls. For mobile sources, similar Councils will be established
for Advanced On-Road Vehicle Clean Fuels and Technologies (separate
fuel-related or technology related Councils, such as one for Fuel
Cells, may also be established) and for Advanced Off-Road Industrial
Equipment. On-going coordination will also continue with the California
Energy Commission's process of overseeing the restructuring of
the utility industry pursuant to AB 1890.
Targeted research, development and demonstration projects are
also needed to remove key barriers and prove the commercial robustness
of advanced technologies and alternative clean fuels. These projects
will be funded through the District's Technology Advancement Office,
and will leverage funding provided by other public and private
organizations. These projects will be updated on a routine basis.
The latest Technology Advancement Plan, adopted by the Board at
its October 1996 meeting, served as the foundation for this Commercialization
Plan.
- The development of incentives, such as legislative tax incentives
and policies, is needed to help create more competitive and diversified
market conditions for advanced emission control technologies and
clean fuels. Such incentives may include tax incentives for trucking
firms and others to purchase alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure,
as well as the removal of disincentives in the federal excise
tax code as it applies to vehicle fuel.
Given the diversity of measures identified in the 1997 AQMP, this
Commercialization Plan focuses on specific market niches, some
of which can serve as "market anchors" for wider scale
commercialization and technology transfer over time. Specific
stationary source related commercialization projects are identified
for Consumer Products, Solvents and Coating Operations, Fugitive
Emissions, Miscellaneous Small Sources and industrial process
sources of VOC. Commercialization projects for mobile sources
are also identified, focused on on-road vehicles and off-road
industrial sources.
Since the District's Technology Advancement Office program primarily
focuses on mobile source related clean fuel projects, the Commercialization
Plan identifies a more extensive list of research, development
and demonstration projects related to the use of advanced emission
control technologies and alternative clean fuels used in passenger
cars, light and medium duty trucks and buses.
The implementation of this Commercialization Plan will entail
staff and funding resource commitments by the District. Comprehensive
and coordinated efforts will be undertaken which identify all
the critical barriers to commercializing a specific technology.
The Plan also takes a pragmatic approach by focusing simultaneously
on the most viable near term niches for a technology or clean
fuel application, while at the same time addressing specific issues
and potential barriers related to the following:
- Technology readiness for wide scale use
- Optimized emission benefits
- Minimized capital and operating costs
- Competitive commercial performance, durability, warranties
and customer support
- Convenient and cost-competitive fueling and recharging infrastructure
- Nurturing of early adapters and market champions
- Establishment of appropriate fuel tax policies and other incentives
- Removal of anti-competitive fuel tax policies and other disincentives
- Maximized learning from in-use demonstration, especially from
commercial users
- Dissemination of technical information
- Participation in industry and/or government workshops, conferences
and working groups, etc.
- Assessment of external regulatory policies (e.g., ARB., PUC,
CEC, EPA, etc.) and the formulation of strategic recommendations
to foster commercialization of advanced technologies and clean
fuels.
Based on the accumulation of successful demonstration experience
with advanced technologies through the District's Technology Advancement
Office, the stage is now set for a targeted Commercialization
Plan which helps further focus District resources. This Plan is
structured to take maximum advantage of the numerous synergies
which exist with other agencies and private industry. The partnerships
needed to implement this Commercialization Plan will be continuously
recast to leverage the most recent trends in market conditions
(e.g., the de-regulated utility sector) and the most advanced
technologies. The success of this Commercialization Plan is also
expected to provide significant economic stimulus to the region's
economy, while helping ensure that air quality standards are achieved
and maintained. When fully realized in the early part of the twenty-first
century, this Plan will represent a model for regional problem
solving and cooperation.
Implementation of the 1997 AQMP will require support activities
sponsored by the District and SCAG. These efforts are described
in the following subsections.
District
Assistance and Outreach Programs
Since the adoption of the 1991 AQMP the District has provided
assistance to the agencies charged with implementing the Plan.
A key accomplishment was the District's CEQA Air Quality Handbook
to assist local governments in assessing and mitigating air quality
impacts from projects within their jurisdiction.
An important ongoing outreach program is the Interagency AQMP
Implementation Committee (IAIC). The IAIC provides ongoing coordination
between key local government entities and the District Board as
the AQMP is implemented. Some objectives of the IAIC include:
- Identifying how local governments throughout the region should
interact with the District to ensure implementation of the AQMP.
- Identifying and resolving issues that could affect timely
implementation of the AQMP.
- Assisting the District in developing and carrying out its
local government outreach program to ensure that local government
information, technical, and policy input needs are met.
- Determining how local governments should be involved in the
AQMP implementation update process.
- Developing a structure for identifying, analyzing, and resolving
potential conflicts between air quality and other regional goals.
The IAIC also established a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
which provides technical input on AQMP programs and policies,
and suggested issues relating to AQMP implementation for the IAIC
to discuss.
Through the IAIC and TAC, the District is better able to facilitate
and coordinate the implementation efforts of the local agencies
in the Basin.
Business
Assistance
The District has initiated several programs to assist businesses
that must comply with the requirements promulgated in the Plan.
For the 1997 AQMP, these efforts will be continued and strengthened.
Several of the District's assistance programs are highlighted
below.
Through the District's "New Directions" campaign, several
programs have been developed and implemented to assist the regulated
community. These programs include: permit streamlining practices,
interaction with small and medium-sized businesses, source education
programs, compliance assessment programs and the continued implementation
of the Small Business Assistance and Economic Development and
Business Retention offices.
The Public Advisor assures business input to the District's policy
makers through community workshops, industry-specific meeting,
and ethnic business working groups. Fee Review and other technical
assistance helps companies resolve issues in a cooperative manner.
The District's Small Business Assistance office helps owners/operators
participate in the District's policy and rule development process
and helps them comply with applicable requirements. It offers
permit application and processing assistance as well as compliance
and financial assistance.
The Air Quality Assistance Fund (AQAF) is one of the Small Business
Assistance office's many functions. The District established this
program to assist small businesses within its jurisdiction needing
financial help to purchase air pollution control equipment. The
loan guarantee may be approved for up to 90 percent of the loan
amount, ranging from a minimum of $15,000 to a maximum of $250,000.
The AQAF has enabled a number of businesses to obtain equipment
financing which might not otherwise have been able to obtain credit
and meet start-up costs.
The District created the Economic Development and Business Retention
(EDBR) office in 1992 in response to the economic downturn experienced
by the nation and particularly in Southern California. The primary
objective of the Economic Development and Business Retention office
is to facilitate the commercialization of new low-emitting technologies.
This creates jobs and helps to retain existing businesses through
introduction of and conversion to more efficient and less-polluting
technologies. The EDBR office has already helped approximately
500 companies with their compliance goals and has thus far helped
to create or retain an estimated 6000 or more jobs in Southern
California.
SCAG
Assistance
SCAG has provided significant assistance and outreach to local
governments in understanding, assessing and implementing programs
to address TCM and air quality issues. Beginning in early 1993,
SCAG has provided funding to its thirteen subregions to help develop
policies and strategies and prepare monitoring programs which
address TCMs, air quality and mobility requirements--identifying
locally sensitive implementation options and continuing to develop
monitoring programs to report progress.
In cooperation with the District, SCAG helped create The Partnership
and the REACH Task Force as discussed previously in this chapter.
SCAG continues in an active role to implement new strategies to
improve air quality and mobility.
The 1997 AQMP sets the course for attaining the federal and state
air quality standards in the Basin. As the Plan is implemented,
it is essential to periodically assess the effectiveness of the
air pollution control programs in reducing emissions, and to determine
whether or not the Basin is still proceeding along the course
set forth in the AQMP. Monitoring the AQMP's effectiveness will
also be an integral part of preparing the annual rule work plan.
The monitoring report will provide the necessary information to
monitor for maximum feasible measures and expeditious adoption
schedule required by the CCAA.
It is equally important that the people who live and work in the
Basin be kept informed of the efforts being undertaken to improve
air quality, and of the extent to which air quality is improving
as a result. The monitoring report can provide this kind of feedback
to the Basin's residents.
Monitoring the effectiveness of the AQMP is required by the CCAA
(Health and Safety Code Sections 40924) and federal Clean Air
Act (Part D, Section 172). Specifically, the CCAA requires that
the District prepare and submit a report each year to the ARB
summarizing the Basin's progress in meeting the schedules for
developing, adopting, or implementing the air pollution control
measures contained in the Plan.
Every third year, the District is required to assess the overall
effectiveness of its air quality program, including determining
the quality of emission reductions achieved, and the rate of population
and industrial- and vehicular-related emissions growth compared
to the assumptions and goals contained in the Plan. The District
is also required to assess the extent of air quality improvement,
based upon ambient pollutant measurements and best available modeling
techniques. These reports are required by law to be adopted by
the District at a public hearing and to be transmitted to the
ARB.
The federal Clean Air Act also requires nonattainment areas, such
as the Basin, to document "reasonable further progress"
in achieving incremental reductions of air pollution.
SCAG, with the assistance of county transportation commissions
and subregions, prepares the portion of the monitoring reports
that pertain to local government transportation and land use measures
and submits those portions to the District for inclusion in the
full monitoring reports.
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