1. Basic Equipment

1a. Manufacturer: Cleaver Brooks

1b. Type: Fire Tube Type

1c. Model: CB700

1d. Style: Unknown

1e. Function

This boiler is one of three-packaged boilers located at Alta Dena Dairy facility in California, and is used to produce steam.

1f. Applicable AQMD Regulation XI Rules

Rule 1146 – Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Industrial, Institutional, and Commercial Boilers, Steam Generations, and Process Heaters

1g. Cost

Unknown

Source of Cost Data:

2. Basic Equipment Rating/Size – Combustion Equipment

2a. Design Rated Capacity

16.70

2b. Maximum Rated Capacity

16.70

2c. Burner Information

Number: 1

Type: Low NOX with FGR

2d. Fuel Type

Natural Gas

2e. Supplemental Fuel: None

2f. Operating Condition

3. Company Information

3a. Name: Alta Dena Dairy

3b. Address:

17637 E. Valley Blvd.
City of Industry, CA 91747

3c. Contact Person: Ed Goren

3d. Phone No.: (626) 854-4202

4. Permit Information

4a. Agency

South Coast AQMD

4b. Agency Contact Person

Arturo Arreola

4c. Phone No: (909) 396-2534

4d. Permit to Construct Information

P/C No.: 259724

Issuance Date: 2/5/92

4e. Start-Up Date: 12/1996

4f. Permit to Operate Information

P/O No.: Pending

Issuance Date:

5. Emission Information

5a1. Permit Limit

NOX: 40 ppmvd @ 3% O2
CO: 400 ppmvd @ 3% O2

5a2. BACT/LAER Determination

The BACT/LAER for NOx and CO emissions from this boiler are shown in Item (5a1).

5b1. Manufacturer/Supplier

Cannon Technology, Inc.
PO Box 1
New Kensington, PA 15068
(724) 335-8541

5b2. Description: Name of Control(s): Low Temperature Oxidation System (LTO)

The LTO system utilizes ozone to oxidize and control various pollutants, including NOx. The LTO system process includes (1) the recovery of waste heat from the flue gas, (2) the oxidation of NOx and CO, (3) the absorption of higher nitrogen and sulfur oxides formed in a scrubber solution, and (4) removal of ozone slip.

NOx in the flue gas is oxidized by ozone to form nitrogen pentoxide (Eq. 1, 2, and 3). The nitrogen pentoxide forms nitric acid vapor as it contacts the water vapor in the flue gas (Eq. 4). Then the nitric acid vapor is absorbed as dilute nitric acid and is neutralized by the sodium hydroxide in the scrubbing solution forming sodium nitrate (Eq. 5). Ozone slip is removed by scrubbing with sodium sulfite (Eq. 6).

NO + O3 ==> NO2 + O2 (Eq. 1)
NO2 + O3 ==> NO3 + O2 (Eq. 2)
NO3 + NO2 ==> N2O5 (Eq. 3)
N2O5 + H2O ==> 2HNO3 (Eq. 4)
HNO3 + NaOH ==> NaNO3 + H2O (Eq. 5)
NaSO3 + O3 ==> NaSO4 + O2 (Eq. 6)

5b3. Control Equipment Permit Application Data

P/C No .: Not Applicable
P/C Issuance Date:
P/O No.: Not Applicable
P/O Issuance Date:

5b5. Warranty

Cannon Technology guarantees that NOX and CO concentrations from the exhaust of the LTO system will not exceed 4 ppmv and 50 ppmv, respectively. The LTO system is also guaranteed for 2 years. Cannon Technology supplied this information.

5b7. Secondary Pollutant

Since LTO uses ozone injection, it has a potential for ozone slip. Testing indicates insignificant ozone slip when the controlled NOx concentration is between 4 and 5 ppmvd at 3% O2.

5b9. Limitations

Due to the unstable equilibrium of ozone, the self-decomposition of ozone in the system would be accelerated by high flue gas temperature. The following operating conditions are required for effective oxidation:

1) frequent calibration of analytical instruments, as required,
2) flue gas temperature of 300ºF or below at ozone injection,
3) minimum retention time of 1.5 seconds after ozone injection, and
4) the readiness of ozone generator prior to boiler start-up.

5b11. Operating History

Operating since 1997

5b13. Source Test Conditions/Performance Data

The performance test results shown in Item (5b12) were measured at three steady state loads: 4.1 MMBtu/hr, 8.8 MMBtu/hr, and 13 MMBtu/hr. These data represent the highest 15-minute average NOX and CO concentrations among the three loads tested. The 15-minute averages were obtained from 1-minute samples of testing over a total period of 1-hour.

5b4. Waste Air Flow to Control Equipment

Flow Rate: Unknown

Inlet Blower: Unknown

5b6. Primary Pollutant

The LTO is used to reduce NOX emissions from the boiler.

5b8. Space Requirement

80 sq. ft Platform & 100 sq. ft platform for oxygen tank

5b10. Location of Prior Demonstration & Agency Facility: Not Applicable Contact Person: Not Applicable Phone Number: Not Applicable Agency: Not Applicable

Address: Not Applicable Permit Number: Not Applicable Contact Person: Not Applicable

5b12. Source Test/Performance Data Analysis

2/13/98

NOx <1.0 ppmv dry,3% O2
CO <5.7 ppmv dry @3% O2

10/22/97

NOx <3.3 ppmv dry @3% O2
CO <3.3 ppmv dry @3% O2

4/4/97

NOx <3.2 ppmv dry @3% O2
CO <8.1 ppmv dry @3% O2

5c1. Control Equipment Cost

Capital: Unknown

Installation: Unkown

Capital + Installation: $360,000 - $400,000.

Source of Cost Data:

5c2. Annual Operational/Maintenance Cost

Unknown

Source of Cost Data:

5d1. Date of Field Evaluation

2/13/98

5d3. Compliance Demonstration

NOx < 1 ppmvd @3% O2

CO < 5.7 ppmvd @3% O2

5d5. No. of Violations

None

5d2. AQMD Staff Performing Field Evaluation

Engineer’s Name: Glenn Kasai , Hoshik Yoo

Inspector’s Name:

5d4. Variance

No. of Variances: 0

Causes:

5d6. Frequency of Maintenance

Unknown

6. Comment

The Cannon Technology LTO System is a promising NOx reduction technology for many types of NOx-emitting sources. Although the system operated automatically for over 4 1/2 months at the user's operating capacity, the data available on the equipment has not yet met the achieved-in-practice criteria of 6 months of continuous operation at a minimum of 50% of operating capacity.